html · chain · relay · step 042 of 64
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="content-security-policy" content="default-src 'none'; script-src 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'unsafe-inline'; img-src data:; base-uri 'none'; form-action 'none'">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">
<meta name="description" content="A well-structured, accessible HTML5 document demonstrating modern best practices for semantic markup and inclusive design.">
<meta name="author" content="ksmith@centricle.com">
<meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#121212" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)">
<meta property="og:title" content="Welcome - Accessible HTML5 Guide">
<meta property="og:description" content="Modern HTML5 demonstrating accessibility, semantic markup, and responsive design.">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<title>Welcome - Accessible HTML5 Guide</title>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "WebPage",
"name": "Accessible HTML5 Guide",
"description": "A well-structured, accessible HTML5 document demonstrating modern best practices for semantic markup and inclusive design.",
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "ksmith@centricle.com"
}
}
</script>
<link rel="icon" href="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Ctext y='.9em' font-size='90'%3E👋%3C/text%3E%3C/svg%3E">
<style>
:root {
color-scheme: light dark;
--text: #1a1a1a;
--text-secondary: #555;
--background: #fff;
--surface: #f9f9f9;
--accent: #0052a3;
--border: #e0e0e0;
--border-control: #767676;
--error: #c62828;
--success: #1b5e20;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root {
--text: #e0e0e0;
--text-secondary: #a0a0a0;
--background: #121212;
--surface: #1e1e1e;
--accent: #5fa3ff;
--border: #333;
--border-control: #8c8c8c;
--error: #ff8a80;
--success: #66bb6a;
}
}
*,
*::before,
*::after {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
html {
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
text-size-adjust: 100%;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
html {
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
a {
transition: text-decoration-thickness 0.15s ease;
}
.skip-link {
transition: transform 0.15s ease;
}
button,
.button {
transition: filter 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}
input,
textarea {
transition: border-color 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}
}
body {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
min-height: 100vh;
min-height: 100dvh;
font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
font-size: 1rem;
line-height: 1.6;
overflow-wrap: break-word;
max-width: 70ch;
margin: 0 auto;
padding-top: max(clamp(1rem, 5vw, 1.5rem), env(safe-area-inset-top));
padding-right: max(clamp(1rem, 5vw, 1.5rem), env(safe-area-inset-right));
padding-bottom: max(clamp(1rem, 5vw, 1.5rem), env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
padding-left: max(clamp(1rem, 5vw, 1.5rem), env(safe-area-inset-left));
color: var(--text);
background: var(--background);
}
h1 {
color: var(--accent);
font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 1.25rem + 3vw, 2.5rem);
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 1.1;
text-wrap: balance;
margin: 0 0 1.5rem 0;
letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
h2 {
color: var(--accent);
font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 1rem + 1.5vw, 1.75rem);
font-weight: 600;
line-height: 1.2;
text-wrap: balance;
margin: 2rem 0 1rem 0;
letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
h2:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
p {
text-wrap: pretty;
margin: 1rem 0;
line-height: 1.65;
}
a {
color: var(--accent);
text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
text-decoration-skip-ink: auto;
font-weight: 500;
}
a:active {
text-decoration-thickness: 3px;
}
@media (hover: hover) {
a:hover {
text-decoration-thickness: 3px;
}
}
a[target="_blank"]::after {
content: "\2197";
content: "\2197" / "";
display: inline-block;
margin-inline-start: 0.2em;
font-size: 0.8em;
text-decoration: none;
}
button,
.button {
display: inline-block;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
font-size: 1rem;
font-weight: 500;
font-family: inherit;
color: var(--background);
background: var(--accent);
border: 2px solid var(--accent);
border-radius: 0.25rem;
cursor: pointer;
white-space: nowrap;
user-select: none;
}
@media (hover: hover) {
button:hover,
.button:hover {
filter: brightness(1.15);
}
}
button:active,
.button:active {
transform: scale(0.97);
}
ul, ol {
margin: 1rem 0;
padding-left: 2rem;
}
li {
margin: 0.5rem 0;
}
:focus-visible {
outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
outline-offset: 2px;
}
a:not(.button):focus-visible {
border-radius: 2px;
}
.skip-link {
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
transform: translateY(-100%);
background: var(--accent);
color: var(--background);
padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
z-index: 1000;
border-radius: 0 0 0.25rem 0;
font-weight: 600;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
}
.skip-link:focus {
transform: translateY(0);
outline: 3px solid var(--text);
outline-offset: -3px;
}
header {
padding-block: 1.5rem 0;
}
nav ul {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
margin: 1rem 0 0 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
nav li {
margin: 0;
}
footer nav ul {
justify-content: center;
margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
}
main {
padding: 1rem 0;
}
main:focus {
outline: none;
}
section {
margin: 2rem 0;
}
[id] {
scroll-margin-top: 1.5rem;
}
@media (forced-colors: active) {
.skip-link,
button,
.button {
border: 2px solid ButtonText;
}
}
.card {
border: 1px solid var(--border);
border-radius: 0.5rem;
padding: 1.5rem;
background: var(--surface);
margin: 1.5rem 0;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}
.card h3 {
font-size: 1.25rem;
line-height: 1.3;
text-wrap: balance;
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
color: var(--accent);
}
.visually-hidden {
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
clip-path: inset(50%);
white-space: nowrap;
border: 0;
}
@media (prefers-contrast: more) {
:root {
--border: currentColor;
--border-control: currentColor;
}
button,
.button {
border-width: 3px;
}
.card {
border-width: 2px;
}
}
footer {
padding-block: 1.5rem;
border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
font-size: 0.875rem;
color: var(--text-secondary);
text-align: center;
}
footer p {
margin: 0.5rem 0;
}
small {
display: block;
}
kbd {
background: var(--surface);
border: 1px solid var(--border);
border-radius: 0.25rem;
padding: 0.125rem 0.375rem;
font-family: monospace;
font-size: 0.875em;
}
.field {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
font-weight: 500;
}
input,
textarea {
width: 100%;
padding: 0.5rem;
font: inherit;
color: var(--text);
background: var(--surface);
border: 1px solid var(--border-control);
border-radius: 0.25rem;
}
textarea {
resize: vertical;
}
#form-status {
margin: 0;
}
#form-status:not(:empty) {
margin-top: 1rem;
padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
border-radius: 0.25rem;
background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--success) 10%, transparent);
color: var(--success);
border: 1px solid var(--success);
}
.form-hint {
margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
font-size: 0.875rem;
color: var(--text-secondary);
}
.field .form-hint {
margin: 0.25rem 0 0 0;
}
[aria-invalid="true"] {
border-color: var(--error);
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--error);
}
.error-message {
display: block;
color: var(--error);
font-size: 0.875rem;
font-weight: 500;
}
.error-message:not(:empty) {
margin-top: 0.25rem;
}
.counter {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 1rem;
align-items: center;
margin: 1.5rem 0;
}
.counter output {
min-width: 3ch;
font-size: 1.5rem;
font-weight: 600;
font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
color: var(--accent);
text-align: center;
}
.counter #reset {
margin-inline-start: auto;
}
.live-region {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
min-height: 3.5rem;
margin-top: 1rem;
padding: 1rem;
border: 1px dashed var(--border);
border-radius: 0.25rem;
}
input:focus,
textarea:focus {
outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
outline-offset: 2px;
border-color: var(--accent);
}
@media print {
:root {
color-scheme: light;
--text: #000;
--text-secondary: #333;
--background: #fff;
--surface: #fff;
--accent: #000;
--border: #999;
--border-control: #000;
--error: #000;
--success: #000;
}
.skip-link,
nav,
button,
.button,
.live-region {
display: none;
}
body {
display: block;
min-height: 0;
max-width: none;
padding: 0;
}
a {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: underline;
}
a[href^="http"]::after {
content: " (" attr(href) ")";
font-size: 0.85em;
font-weight: normal;
}
.card {
border: none;
break-inside: avoid;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a class="skip-link" href="#main">Skip to content</a>
<header id="top">
<h1>Welcome</h1>
<nav aria-label="Page sections">
<ul>
<li><a href="#features">Features</a></li>
<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="#resources">Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<main id="main" tabindex="-1">
<section aria-label="Introduction">
<p>This is a well-structured, accessible HTML5 document demonstrating modern best practices for semantic markup and inclusive design.</p>
<p>
It uses semantic landmarks, a skip link for keyboard navigation,
and CSS that adapts to your light or dark mode preference.
</p>
<p>
Text and link colors meet WCAG AA contrast in both themes, type scales
with your browser's font size, and motion respects your system settings.
</p>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="features">
<h2 id="features">Features</h2>
<ul>
<li>Semantic HTML structure with proper landmarks</li>
<li>Keyboard accessible navigation and focus management</li>
<li>Dark mode support with custom color schemes</li>
<li>Responsive typography using modern CSS</li>
<li>Print-friendly styles for better readability</li>
<li>WCAG AA contrast compliance in all color modes</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="examples">
<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<article class="card">
<h3>Component Cards</h3>
<p>Card components are useful for organizing related content. They include a subtle border and padding for visual separation.</p>
<a class="button" href="#resources">Learn more<span class="visually-hidden"> about accessibility resources</span></a>
</article>
<article class="card">
<h3>Interactive Elements</h3>
<p>Buttons and links are fully accessible with clear focus states. All interactive elements include visible focus indicators and proper ARIA labels.</p>
<p><strong>Keyboard navigation:</strong> Use <kbd>Tab</kbd> to move forward, <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>Tab</kbd> to move backward, and <kbd>Enter</kbd> to activate.</p>
</article>
<article class="card">
<h3>Accessible Form</h3>
<form id="contact-form" novalidate>
<p class="form-hint">Fields marked * are required.</p>
<div class="field">
<label for="email">Email <span aria-hidden="true">*</span></label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" autocomplete="email" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="none" required aria-describedby="email-help">
<span id="email-error" class="error-message"></span>
<small id="email-help" class="form-hint">For example, name@example.com</small>
</div>
<div class="field">
<label for="message">Message</label>
<textarea id="message" name="message" rows="4" maxlength="2000" aria-describedby="message-help"></textarea>
<small id="message-help" class="form-hint">Up to 2,000 characters.</small>
</div>
<button type="submit">Send message</button>
<p id="form-status" role="status"></p>
</form>
</article>
<article class="card">
<h3>Live Region Example</h3>
<p>Click the button to announce a message using a live region. This demonstrates how screen readers are notified of dynamic updates.</p>
<button id="announce" type="button">Announce message</button>
<div class="live-region" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true">
<span id="live-message"></span>
</div>
</article>
<article class="card">
<h3>Interactive Counter</h3>
<p>This counter demonstrates state management and ARIA live regions for accessible dynamic content.</p>
<div class="counter">
<button id="decrease" type="button" aria-label="Decrease count by 1">−</button>
<output id="count" aria-live="off">0</output>
<button id="increase" type="button" aria-label="Increase count by 1">+</button>
<button id="reset" type="button" aria-label="Reset count to zero">Reset</button>
</div>
<div class="live-region" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true">
<span id="count-message"></span>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="resources">
<h2 id="resources">Resources</h2>
<p>Want to learn more about web accessibility and semantic HTML? Check out these resources:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/quickref/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WCAG 2.2 Quick Reference<span class="visually-hidden"> (opens in new tab)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">HTML Living Standard<span class="visually-hidden"> (opens in new tab)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.a11y-101.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A11y 101<span class="visually-hidden"> (opens in new tab)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</main>
<footer>
<nav aria-label="Footer links">
<ul>
<li><a href="#top">Back to top</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub<span class="visually-hidden"> (opens in new tab)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<p><small>© <span id="copyright-year">2026</span>. All rights reserved.</small></p>
</footer>
<script>
const copyrightYear = document.getElementById('copyright-year');
if (copyrightYear) {
copyrightYear.textContent = String(new Date().getFullYear());
}
const messages = [
"This update was announced to screen readers!",
"Dynamic content updates work with aria-live regions.",
"Live regions are essential for accessible web apps.",
"Try this with a screen reader like NVDA or JAWS!"
];
let nextMessage = 0;
let count = 0;
const announceBtn = document.getElementById('announce');
const liveMessage = document.getElementById('live-message');
const contactForm = document.getElementById('contact-form');
const emailInput = document.getElementById('email');
const formStatus = document.getElementById('form-status');
const countDisplay = document.getElementById('count');
const countMessage = document.getElementById('count-message');
const decreaseBtn = document.getElementById('decrease');
const increaseBtn = document.getElementById('increase');
const resetBtn = document.getElementById('reset');
const updateCountDisplay = () => {
countDisplay.textContent = count;
countMessage.textContent = `Count is now ${count}.`;
};
if (countDisplay && countMessage) {
decreaseBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => {
count--;
updateCountDisplay();
});
increaseBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => {
count++;
updateCountDisplay();
});
resetBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => {
count = 0;
updateCountDisplay();
});
}
if (announceBtn && liveMessage) {
announceBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
liveMessage.textContent = messages[nextMessage];
nextMessage = (nextMessage + 1) % messages.length;
});
}
if (contactForm) {
const emailError = document.getElementById('email-error');
const validateEmail = () => {
let message = '';
if (emailInput.validity.valueMissing) {
message = 'Enter your email address.';
} else if (!emailInput.validity.valid) {
message = 'Enter an email address in the format name@example.com.';
}
emailError.textContent = message;
if (message) {
emailInput.setAttribute('aria-invalid', 'true');
emailInput.setAttribute('aria-describedby', 'email-error email-help');
} else {
emailInput.removeAttribute('aria-invalid');
emailInput.setAttribute('aria-describedby', 'email-help');
}
return !message;
};
emailInput.addEventListener('blur', () => {
if (emailInput.value || emailInput.hasAttribute('aria-invalid')) {
validateEmail();
}
});
emailInput.addEventListener('input', () => {
if (emailInput.hasAttribute('aria-invalid')) {
validateEmail();
}
});
contactForm.addEventListener('input', () => {
formStatus.textContent = '';
});
contactForm.addEventListener('submit', (event) => {
event.preventDefault();
formStatus.textContent = '';
if (!validateEmail()) {
emailInput.focus();
return;
}
contactForm.reset();
emailError.textContent = '';
emailInput.removeAttribute('aria-invalid');
emailInput.setAttribute('aria-describedby', 'email-help');
setTimeout(() => {
formStatus.textContent = "Thanks! This is a demo, so nothing was sent.";
}, 100);
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
what changed from step 041
+1 / -1 lines
<label for="email">Email <span aria-hidden="true">*</span></label> <input type="email" id="email" name="email" autocomplete="email" spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="none" required aria-describedby="email-help">- <span id="email-error" class="error-message" role="alert"></span>+ <span id="email-error" class="error-message"></span> <small id="email-help" class="form-hint">For example, name@example.com</small> </div>
What the model said
The page was already in good shape, so I made one change and found one issue that you should decide on. **What I changed:** I removed `role="alert"` from the email error message (`0.html:496`). When someone submitted the form with a bad email, screen readers read the error twice: once from the alert, and again when the field got focus and read its linked error text. It also meant the error was read out as soon as the field lost focus, while the user was still moving through the form. Now the error is read once, when focus returns to the field after submit. This is the pattern GOV.UK uses. I haven't tested it with a screen reader. **Needs your decision:** your email address (ksmith@centricle.com) is visible in the page source in two places: `<meta name="author">` (line 8) and the structured data block (line 25). Anyone can read it there, including spam bots. I'd suggest putting your name there instead, but I didn't change it because it's your call. Tell me what name to use and I'll update both. I didn't find anything else worth changing. The contrast, dark mode, forced-colors, reduced-motion, print styles, focus handling and form hints are already well done, and more edits would just be churn.